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research program
A research program (UK: research programme) is a professional network of scientists conducting basic research. The term was used by philosopher of science Imre Lakatos to blend and revise the normative model of science offered by Karl Popper's ''falsificationism'' and the descriptive model of science offered by Thomas Kuhn's ''normal science''.〔Imre Lakatos, auth, John Worrall & Gregory Currie, eds, (''The Methodology of Scientific Research Programmes: Volume 1: Philosophical Papers'' ) (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1980)〕 Lakatos found falsificationism impractical and often not practiced, and found normal science—where a ''paradigm of science'', mimicking an ''exemplar'', extinguishes differing perspectives—more monopolistic than actual.
Lakatos found multiple research programmes to coexist, each having a ''hard core'' of theories immune to revision, surrounded by a ''protective belt'' of malleable theories.〔William Bechtel, ''Philosophy of Science: An Overview for Cognitive Science'' (Hillsdale NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Assoc, 1988), ch 4 "Post-positivist philosophy of science", subch "Lakatosian research programmes", pp 60-63〕 A research programme vies against others to be most ''progressive''.〔 Extending the research programme's theories into new domains is ''theoretical progress'', and experimentally corroborating such is ''empirical progress'', always refusing falsification of the research programme's hard core.〔 A research programme might ''degenerate''—lose progressiveness—but later return to progressiveness.〔
==See also==
*Minimalist program
* Program management
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